The Addition of Guava Leaves in Feed to the Blood Glucose of Carp reared in Brackish Water and Infected with Aeromonas hydrophila
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31258/jnat.21.2.156-161Keywords:
Carp, Salinity, Motile Aeromonas SepticemiaAbstract
Guava leaves can be utilized as feed additives and medicine for aquaculture. Limiting factors in aquaculture, including stocking density, and salinity can cause stress in fish, so they are easily infected with disease. This study was conducted to determine the effect of guava on the blood glucose of carp reared in brackish water media. This research was conducted from August to September 2023 at the Marine Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Universitas Riau. The method used in this study is an experimental method using a completely randomized design with 5 (five) treatments and 3 (three) replicates, the treatments are T0 (control), T1 (1.0g), T2 (1.5g), T3 (2 g), and T4 (2.5g). Carp measuring 5.00 ± 1.00 cm with a weight of 4.00 ± 0.50 g were obtained from farmers in the Koto Panjang hydroelectric reservoir, Sumatra, Indonesia. Fish rearing was carried out for 60 days. The results showed that the provision of guava leaves in the feed affected the blood glucose levels of carp. The dose of 1.5 g/100g feed (T2) was the optimal dose in increasing the blood glucose of carp reared in brackish water media and infected with A. hydrophila bacteria
Downloads
References
Abdel-Latif, H.M.R., Abdel-Tawwab, M., Khafaga, A.F., Dawood, M.A.O., 2020. Dietary oregano essential oil improved the growth performance via enhancing the intestinal morphometry and hepato-renal functions of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) fingerlings. Aquaculture, 526. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735432
Arifin, P.P., Setiawan, M., Utomo, N.B., 2016. Evaluasi pemberian ekstrak kunyit Curcuma longa Linn. pada pakan terhadap biokimia darah dan kinerja pertumbuhan ikan gurami Osphoronemus gourami. Jurnal Iktiologi Indonesia, 16(1): 1-10
Díaz-de-Cerio, E., Verardo, V., Gómez-Caravaca, A.M., Fernández-Gutiérrez, A., Segura-Carretero, A., 2017. Health effects of Psidium guajava L. leaves: An overview of the last decade. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 18(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18040897
Eames, S.C., Philipson, L.H., Prince, V.E., Kinkel, M.D., 2010. Blood sugar measurement in zebrafish reveals dynamics of glucose homeostasis. Zebrafish, 7(2). doi:10.1089/zeb.2009.0640
Effendi, I., Yoswaty, D., Syawal, H., Austin, B., Lyndon, A., Kurniawan, R., Wahyuni, S., 2023. Dietary medicinal herbs enhanced hematological status and survival rate of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery, 54(4).
Effendi, I., Yoswaty, D., Syawal, H., Austin, B., Lyndon, A.R., Kurniawan, R., Wahyuni, S., 2022. Effect of herbal growth promoters on common carp (Cyprinus carpio). AACL Bioflux. 2022. 15(3): 1096-1103
Giri, S.S., Kim, H.J., Kim, S.G., Kim, S.W., Kwon, J., Lee, S.B., Sukumaran, V., Chang Park, S., 2020. Effectiveness of the guava leaf extracts against lipopolysaccharide-induced oxidative stress and immune responses in Cyprinus carpio. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2020.06.004
Giri, S.S., Sen, S.S., Chi, C., Kim, H.J., Yun, S., Park, S.C., Sukumaran, V., 2015. Effect of guava leaves on the growth performance and cytokine gene expression of Labeo rohita and its susceptibility to Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 46(2). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2015.05.051
Gobi, N., Ramya, C., Vaseeharan, B., Malaikozhundan, B., Vijayakumar, S., Murugan, K., Benelli, G., 2016. Oreochromis mossambicus diet supplementation with Psidium guajava leaf extracts enhances growth, immune, antioxidant response, and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2016.09.062
Hanafi, H., Wisudyanti, D., Listiowati, E., Amrulloh, M., 2023. Stress response of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) reared in different salinity media. Jurnal Maiyah, 2(3): 240-246
Hanhineva, H., Rogachev, A., Kokko, H., 2010. Stilbene synthase gene transfer caused alterations in the phenylpropanoid metabolism of transgenic strawberry Fragaria ananassa. Journal of Experimental Botany, 25: 1440–1450
Hasan, O.D.S., 2012. Evaluasi biji kapuk (Ceiba petandra Gaertn) Berdasar kecernaan, enzimatik, gambaran darah, histologi dan kinerja pertumbuhan sebagai alternatif bahan baku pakan ikan mas (Cyprinus carpio L). Tesis. Sekolah Pascasarjana. Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor.
Hoseinifar, S. H., Sohrabi, A., Paknejad, H., Jafari, V., Paolucci, M., Van Doan, H., 2019. Enrichment of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerlings diet with Psidium guajava: The effects on cutaneous mucosal and serum immune parameters and immune-related genes expression. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2018.12.001
Imani, A., Farhangi, M., Rafiee, G.H., Yazdanparast, R., 2012. Effect of flavonoid rutin on blood glucose levels and enzymes regulator in sea bream Sparus aurata. Research of Marine Science and Technology, 3, 65–71
Kesbic, K., Parrino, V., Acar, U., Yilmaz, S., Lo Paro, G., Fazio, F., 2020. Effects of Monterey cypress (Cupressus macrocarpa Hartw) leaf essential oil as a dietary supplement on growth performance and haematological and biochemical parameters of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Ann. Anim. Sci., 20(4): 1411-1426
Mubarik, M.S., Asad, F., Zahoor, M.K., et al., 2019. Study on survival, growth, haematology, and body composition of Cyprinus carpio under different acute and chronic salinity regimes. Saudi J Biol Sci., 26(5):999-1002. doi:10.1016/j.sjbs.2018.12.013
Naseer, S., Hussain, S., Naeem, N., Pervaiz, M., Rahman, M., 2018. The phytochemistry and medicinal value of Psidium guajava (guava). Clinical Phytoscience, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40816-018-0093-8
Nazeri, S., Fahangsi, M., Modarres, S., 2017. The effect of different dietary inclusion levels of rutin (a flavonoid) on some liver enzyme activities and oxidative stress indices in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) exposed to Oxytetracycline. Aquaculture Research, 1-7.
Nhu, T.Q., Bich Hang, B.T., Cornet, V., Oger, M., Bach, L.T., Anh Dao, N.Le., Thanh Huong, D.T., Quetin-Leclercq, J., Scippo, M.L., Phuong, N.T., Kestemont, P., 2020. Single or combined dietary supply of Psidium guajava and Phyllanthus amarus extract differentially modulate immune responses and liver proteome in striped catfish (Pangasianodon hyphophthalmus). Frontiers in Immunology, 11: 1–22. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.00797
Omitoyin, B.O., Ajani, E.K., Orisasona, O., Bassey, H.E., Kareem, K.O., Osho, F.E., 2019. Effect of guava Psidium guajava (L.) aqueous extract diet on growth performance, intestinal morphology, immune response, and survival of Oreochromis niloticus challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila. Aquaculture Research, 50(7), 1851–1860. https://doi.org/10.1111/are.14068
Porchase, M.M., Luis, R., Martinez, C., Enriquez, R., Rogelo., 2009. Cortisol and glucose: reliable indicators of fish stress. American Journal of Aquatic Science, 2009; 4, 158-178
Pratama, A.R., Iskandariah, I., Elinah, E., Yulianti, S., 2022. Respons glukosa darah ikan brek (Puntius orphoides) terhadap stres padat tebar. Barakuda 45, 4(2): 248-256
Saravanan, M., Ramesh, M., Petkam, R., Poopal, R.K., 2018. Influence of environmental salinity and cortisol pretreatment on gill Na+/K+-ATPase activity and survival and growth rates in Cyprinus carpio. Aquaculture Reports 11:1–7
Singh, S., Reddy, A.K., Srivastava, P.P., Lakra, W.S., 2019. Influence of different salinity on carcass composition of amur carp (Cyprinus carpio Haematopterus) reared in Semiarid Region of India. J. Exp. Zool. India, 22(1): 633-637
Sobral – Souza, C.E., Silva, A.R.P., Leite, N.F., Rocha, J.E., Sousa, A.K., Costa, J.G.M., Menezes, I.R. A., Cunha, F.A.B., Rolim, L.A., Coutinho, H.D.M., 2019. Psidium guajava bioactive product chemical analysis and heavy metal toxicity reduction. Chemosphere, 216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.174
Tang, S., Liu, S., Zhang, J., Zhou, L., Wang, X., Zhao, Q., Weng, W., Qin, J.G., Chen, L., Li, E., 2020. Relief of hypersaline stress in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus by dietary supplementation of a host-derived Bacillus subtilis strain. Aquaculture, 528:735542
Weli, A., Al-Kaabi, A., Al-Sabahi, J., Said, S., Hossain, M.A., Al-Riyami, S., 2019. Chemical composition and biological activities of the essential oils of Psidium guajava leaf. Journal of King Saud University - Science, 31(4). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksus.2018.07.021
Zou, X., Liu, H., 2023. A review of meroterpenoids and of their bioactivity from guava (Psidium guajava L.). Journal of Future Foods, 3(2). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfutfo.2022.12.005
